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4. |
0% - |
Carbon monoxide poisoning - garages |
Authors:
T.H. Greiner |
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|
How dangerous is it to operate an engine in a closed building? So
dangerous that it must NEVER be done, even for a short time. The
extremely high concentrations of carbon monoxide produced by an engine
can raise CO concentrations in a closed building so quickly that a
person may collapse before they even realize there is a problem. Carbon
monoxide reduces the amount of oxygen to the brain, causing CO
intoxication, and lack of reasoning. Studies by the Centers for Disease
Control found that CO co
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5. |
0% - |
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning - Checking for Complete Combustion
|
Authors:
Thomas H. Greiner |
|
|
Fossil fuels contain carbon (C) and hydrogen (H). During complete
combustion carbon and hydrogen combine with oxygen (O2) to produce
carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). During incomplete combustion part
of the carbon is not completely oxidized producing soot or carbon
monoxide (CO). Incomplete combustion uses fuel inefficiently and the
carbon monoxide produced is a health hazard. A properly designed,
adjusted, and maintained gas flame produces only small amounts of carbon
monoxide, with 400 pa
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6. |
0% - |
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Downdrafting (Backdrafting) |
Authors:
Dr. Thomas Greiner |
|
|
What is Carbon Monoxide? Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless,
odorless, tasteless, deadly gas. You can't see, smell or taste it.
Carbon monoxide is slightly lighter than air and quickly spreads
throughout an entire house. What causes carbon monoxide production?
Carbon monoxide gas is produced when fossil fuel burns incompletely
because of insufficient oxygen. During incomplete combustion, the car
and hydrogen in the fuel combine to form carbon dioxide, water, heat,
and deadly carbon monoxide. In
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7. |
0% - |
Carbon monoxide (co) poses silent and serious threat for families during
winter months |
Authors:
Home Safety Council |
|
|
Often known as a silent killer, carbon monoxide (CO) is a
colorless and odorless gas that poses a substantial risk to families
using fuel-burning heating sources during the winter months. In fact,
according to the Home Safety Council’s State of Home Safety in America™
report, CO poisoning accounted for more than 100,000 medical visits in
the year studied. The high number of poisonings documented by the
Council’s research may be explained by the fact that sixty-seven percent
(67 percent) of house
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8. |
0% - |
What is a pesticide? |
Authors:
U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) |
|
|
A pesticide is any substance or mixture of substances intended
for: preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest. Though
often misunderstood to refer only to insecticides, the term pesticide
also applies to herbicides, fungicides, and various other substances
used to control pests. Under United States law, a pesticide is also any
substance or mixture of substances intended for use as a plant
regulator, defoliant, or desiccant.
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10. |
0% - |
Radon |
Authors:
California
Geological Society |
|
|
Radon gas is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that is
invisible and odorless. It forms from the radioactive decay small
amounts of uranium and thorium naturally present in rocks and soils so
some radon exists in all rocks and so Certain rock types, such as black
shales and certain igneous rocks, can have uranium and thorium in
amounts high than is typical for the earth’s crust. Increased amounts of
radon will be generated in the subsurface at these locations. Because
radon is a gas, it can
|
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11. |
0% - |
American Lung Association – Carbon Monoxide Fact Sheet |
Authors:
American Lung Association |
|
|
Americans spend approximately 90 percent of their time indoors,
where hazardous air pollutants can exist at higher levels than outdoors.
Children, pregnant women, the elderly, and people with lung disease are
particularly at high risk for adverse health effects caused by indoor
air pollution, including carbon monoxide (CO). CO is a colorless,
odorless gas that is produced as a result of incomplete burning of
carbon containing fuels. Exposure to CO reduces the blood's ability to
carry oxygen.
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12. |
0% - |
American Lung Association – Carbon Monoxide Fact Sheet |
Authors:
American Lung Association |
|
|
Americans spend approximately 90 percent of their time indoors,
where hazardous air pollutants can exist at higher levels than outdoors.
Children, pregnant women, the elderly, and people with lung disease are
particularly at high risk for adverse health effects caused by indoor
air pollution, including carbon monoxide (CO). CO is a colorless,
odorless gas that is produced as a result of incomplete burning of
carbon containing fuels. Exposure to CO reduces the blood's ability to
carry oxygen.
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13. |
0% - |
Public Health Statement for Asbestos |
Authors:
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry |
|
|
This Public Health Statement is the summary chapter
from the Toxicological Profile for asbestos. It is one in a series of
Public Health Statements about hazardous substances and their health
effects. A shorter version, the ToxFAQs™, is also available. This
information is important because this substance may harm you. The
effects of exposure to any hazardous substance depend on the dose, the
duration, how you are exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether
other chemicals are present. For
|
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26. |
0% - |
Pesticides: Health and Safety |
Authors:
U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency |
|
|
Following is a list of pesticide state lead agencies. In general,
the first Web site listed is a general site for the state's
environmental agency. The second Web site is specific to certification
and training programs. If two agencies are listed, the state department
of agriculture or equivalent usually certifies most categories of
applicators, while the structural pest control agency certifies on for
structural pest control.
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27. |
0% - |
About pesticides |
Authors:
U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency |
|
|
The following documents provide general information about ways to
reduce risks from pesticide exposure at home, work and at school.
|
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28. |
0% - |
Pesticides Outreach Material Catalogue: Information for Your Home and
Community |
Authors:
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA), Office of Pesticides Programs |
|
|
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of
Pesticides Programs (OPP) Outreach Publications Catalogue, is a
comprehensive listing of more than 50 outreach publications and 70 fact
sheets available free of charge to the public. These publications are
intended for use by the general public, including homeowners, parents,
and urban community leaders. All publications listed in this catalogue
provide useful information on responsible pesticide use, storage, and
disposal practices. Many
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37. |
0% - |
An Extended Study of Interim Lead Hazard Reduction Measures Employed In
The Baltimore Clinical Center of The Treatment Of Lead-Exposed Children
(TLC)-Clinical Trial |
Authors:
Mark Farfel, et al. |
|
|
The Treatment of Lead-exposed Children (TLC)-Clinical Trial is
investigating the potential benefits of the use of the oral chelating
agent “succimer” for the treatment of moderately lead poisoned children
(PbB 20-44 Fg/dL) aged 12 to 32 months at the start of treatment. The
Trial has four Clinical Centers nationwide and is sponsored by the
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). The main
outcome variable is the child’s neurodevelopmental status 36 months and
84 months after
|
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38. |
0% - |
National Survey of Lead and Allergens in Housing Final Report Volume I:
Analysis of Lead Hazards |
Authors:
Robert P. Clickner, et al. |
|
|
The National Survey of Lead and Allergens in Housing (referred to
as the National Survey or NSLAH) was conducted under the sponsorship of
the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the National
Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) to assess children's
potential household exposure to lead and allergens. The National Survey
measured the levels of lead in dust, soil, and paint, the prevalence of
hazardous levels of lead, and levels and patterns of various indoor
aller
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41. |
0% - |
Third national report on human exposure to environmental chemicals
|
Authors:
Department of Health and Human Services
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
|
|
Using advanced laboratory science and innovative techniques,
scientists in CDC’s Environmental Health Laboratory at the National
Center of Environmental Health (NCEH) have helped change the face of
environmental public health in this country. By recognizing chemicals
that enter the body from environmental exposure, by responding to
terrorism and public health emergencies involving chemicals, and by
improving laboratory methods to measure chemical exposure, the
laboratory has greatly enhanced th
|
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|
47. |
0% - |
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning OSHA Fact Sheet |
Authors:
U.S.
Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administration |
|
|
What is carbon monoxide? Carbon monoxide (CO) is a poisonous,
colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas. Although it has no detectable
odor, CO is often mixed with other gases that do have an odor. So, you
can inhale carbon monoxide right along with gases that you can smell and
not even know that CO is present. CO is a common industrial hazard
resulting from the incomplete burning of natural gas and any other
material containing carbon such as gasoline, kerosene, oil, propane,
coal, or wood. Forg
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48. |
0% - |
Fatalities Associated With Carbon Monoxide Poisoning From Motor
Vehicles, 1995-1997 |
Authors:
U.S. Department of Transporation National
Highway Traffic Safety Administration |
|
|
NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics and Analysis (NCSA)
recently completed a second study of data from the National Center for
Health Statistics (NCHS) to obtain an estimate of the number of persons
killed as a result of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning by exhaust gases of
motor vehicles. This note updates the results of the study done in 1996
to assess the extent of fatalities associated with CO poisoning from
motor vehicles using the NCHS data for the 1993 calendar year (NHTSA,
1996). This
|
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49. |
0% - |
Consumer Product Safety Review C.O. Poisoning |
Authors:
U.S.
Consumer Product Safety Commission |
|
|
According to the latest data compiled by staff of the U.S.
Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), heating systems continue to
be one of the major causes of non-fire, non-motor vehicle carbon
monoxide (CO) poisoning. An estimated 217 people died as a result of
this kind of CO poisoning during 1996, the most recent year with
complete death certificate data. Of these deaths, heating systems were
involved in 163 fatalities, or about 75% of all consumer product-related
CO poisoning deaths (Fig
|
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|
52. |
0% - |
Combustion Emissions from Gas Ranges |
Authors:
American Gas Association |
|
|
There are over 39 million natural gas and propane household gas
ranges, ovens, and cooktops (referred to, here, collectively as
“ranges”) in the U. S. Even with the excellent safety record of this
equipment, increasing attention is being given to combustion emissions
from ranges. What combustion emissions from gas ranges are of concern to
the public and the gas industry? The natural gas industry has devoted
technical attention and research to issues of carbon monoxide (CO) since
the 1920s and
|
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|
54. |
0% - |
Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage 1996 and 1997 Market Estimates
|
Authors:
Arnold L.
Aspelin and Arthur H. Grube |
|
|
Pesticides of various types are used in most sectors of the U.S.
Economy. In general terms, a pesticide is any agent used to kill or
control undesired insects, weeds, rodents, fungi, bacteria or other
organisms. Thus, the term “pesticide” includes insecticides, herbicides,
rodenticides, fungicides, nematicides, and acaracides as well as
disinfectants, fumigants, wood preservatives and plant growth
regulators. Pesticides play a vital role in controlling agricultural,
industrial, home/garden, and
|
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|
55. |
0% - |
Diazinon Revised Risk Assessment and Agreement with Registrants
|
Authors:
United
States Environmental Protection Agency, Prevention,
Pesticides And Toxic Substances |
|
|
EPA is releasing its revised risk assessment and announcing an
agreement with registrants to remove and phase out certain uses of the
organophosphate pesticide diazinon. Also known as Spectracide and other
trade names, diazinon is one of the most widely-used insecticides in the
U.S., especially for household lawn and garden pest control. The Food
Quality Protection Act, enacted in 1996, sets a more stringent safety
standard for most pesticides and offers special protection for children.
EPA has
|
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|
56. |
0% - |
Chlorpyrifos Revised Risk Assessment and Agreement with Registrants
|
Authors:
United
States Environmental Protection Agency, Prevention,
Pesticides And Toxic Substances |
|
|
EPA has released its revised risk assessment and announced an
agreement with registrants to eliminate and phase out certain uses of
the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos. Also known as Dursban,
Lorsban, and other trade names, chlorpyrifos is one of the most
widely-used insecticides in the U.S., both in agriculture and in and
around the home. The Food Quality Protection Act, enacted in 1996, sets
a more stringent safety standard for most pesticides and offers special
protection for childre
|
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|
|
59. |
0% - |
Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage 1994 and 1995 Market Estimates
|
Authors:
Arnold L.
Aspelin |
|
|
This report provides an overview of the pesticide industry for
1994 and 1995. It contains a series of tables with estimates of the U.S.
market for those two years. The tables contain information on quantities
used and user expenditures (by economic sector and pesticide class),
imports, exports, numbers of firms/individuals involved in
production/use of pesticides, number of pesticides, certified
applicators and on a number of other topics. Much of the tabular
information in this report is for th
|
|
|
|
60. |
0% - |
Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage 2000 and 2001 Market Estimates
|
Authors:
Timothy Kiely, David Donaldson and Arthur
Grube |
|
|
Under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
(FIFRA) and the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in cooperation with the States
and other agencies, such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and
the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), is responsible for regulating
the production and use of pesticides in the United States. This report
provides contemporary and historical economic information on the U.S.
pesticide produc
|
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|
63. |
0% - |
Air Quality Criteria for Carbon Monoxide |
Authors:
U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency |
|
|
The purpose of this document is to present air quality criteria
for carbon monoxide (CO), in accordance with Sections 108 and 109 of the
Clean Air Act (CAA), that reflect the latest scientific information
useful in indicating the kind and extent of all identifiable effects on
public health and welfare that may be expected from the presence of CO
in ambient air. This document is an update of Air Quality Criteria for
Carbon Monoxide, published by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
in 1991, a
|
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|
66. |
0% - |
Developmental neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos: cellular mechanisms
|
Authors:
K.D. Whitney, F.J. Seidler and T.A. Slotkin |
|
|
Chlorpyrifos, one of the most widely used pesticides, exhibits
greater toxicity during development than in adulthood. We administered
chlorpyrifos to neonatal rats in apparently subtoxic doses that caused
no mortality and little or no weight deficits and examined developing
brain regions (cerebellum, forebrain, brainstem) for signs of
interference with cell development. One-day-old rats given 2 mg/kg sc of
chlorpyrifos showed significant inhibition of DNA synthesis in all brain
regions within 4
|
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|
67. |
0% - |
Non-Occupational Exposures to Pesticides for Residents of Two U.S.
Cities |
Authors:
R. W. Whitmore, et al. |
|
|
The Non-Occupational Pesticide Exposure Study, funded by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, was designed to assess total human
exposures to 32 pesticides and pesticide degradation products in the
non-occupational environment; however, the study focused primarily on
inhalation exposures. Two sites--Jacksonville, Florida (USA) and
Springfield/Chicopee, Massachusetts (USA)--were studied during three
seasons: Summer 1986 (Jacksonville only), Spring 1987, and Winter 1988.
Probability samples
|
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|
|
68. |
0% - |
2002 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers
|
Authors:
Willian A. Watson, et al. |
|
|
Toxic Exposure Surveillance System (TESS) data are compiled by
the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC) on behalf of
US poison centers. These data are used to identify hazards early, focus
prevention education, guide clinical research, and direct training. TESS
data have prompted product reformulations, repackaging, recalls, and
bans; are used to support regulatory actions; and form the basis of
postmarketing surveillance of newly released drugs and products. From
its inceptio
|
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|
|
69. |
0% - |
Measurement of atmospheric concentrations of common household
pesticides: a pilot study |
Authors:
Robert G. Lewis and Andrew E. Bond |
|
|
Abstract. Air concentrations of 28 of the most commonly used
household pesticides were measured inside nine homes in Jacksonville,
Florida, and compared with corresponding outdoor levels. The households
selected were sorted into three categories according to the degree of
pesticide indoor usage. Personal air monitoring was also performed on
one resident of each household by means of a portable sampler, which was
kept with the person at all times. Five of the pesticides were found in
the air insi
|
|
|
|
70. |
0% - |
Acute toxicity of two pyrethroids, perrnethrin, and eypermethrin in
neonatal and adult rats |
Authors:
Franco Cantalamessa |
|
|
The present study aims specifically at obtaining a comparison of
the acute toxicity of cypermethrin (CY), a type I pyrethroid, and
permethrin (PERM), a type II pyrethroid, administered orally as a single
dose to neonatal and adult rats, and at assessing the importance of
pyrethroid biotransformation in CY and PERM toxicity through use of drug
metabolism inhibitors. Our experiments show that CY is more toxic than
PERM to adult and neonatal rats. The sensitivity of neonatal rats both
to CY and t
|
|
|
|
79. |
0% - |
Vascular Endothelial Cells Generate Peroxynitrite in Response to Carbon
Monoxide Exposure |
Authors:
Stephen R. Thom, Anne Xu and Harry
Ischiropoulos |
|
|
Carbon monoxide causes a perivascular oxidative injury in
animals, and we tested the hypothesis that endothelial cells could be a
source of the injurious oxidants. Studies were undertaken to assess
whether exposure to carbon monoxide would cause cultured bovine
pulmonary artery endothelial cells to liberate reactive species.
Concentrations of carbon monoxide between 11 and 110 nM caused
progressively higher concentrations of nitric oxide to be released by
endothelial cells based on measurements
|
|
|
|
80. |
0% - |
Effect of short-term exposure to low levels of gaseous pollutants on
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease hospitalizations |
Authors:
Qiuying Yang, et al. |
|
|
We examined the associations between gaseous pollutants and
hospitalization for chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) among
elderly people living in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, a city in
which ambient air pollution levels are relatively low. We regressed the
logarithm of daily counts of acute COPD hospitalization during the
5-year period from 1994 to 1998 on the daily mean levels of each
pollutant, after accounting for seasonal and subseasonal fluctuations,
non-Poisson dispersi
|
|
|
|
81. |
0% - |
Risk and Protective Factors for Fires, Burns, and Carbon Monoxide
Poisoning in U.S. Households |
Authors:
Carol W. Runyan, et al. |
|
|
Background: More needs to be known about the prevalence of risk
and protective factors for fires, burns, and carbon monoxide poisoning
in U.S. households. Methods: A random-digit-dial survey was conducted
about home safety with 1003 respondents representing households in the
continental United States. Descriptive statistics assess the prevalence
of risk and protective factors for fires, burns, and carbon monoxide
overall, and by demographic characteristics, household structure,
region, and resi
|
|
|
|
82. |
0% - |
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning from Portable Electric Generators
|
Authors:
Neil B. Hampson Jennette L. Zmaeff |
|
|
Background: While the overall death rate from unintentional
carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning has decreased in the United States due to
improved automobile emissions controls and a decline in CO poisonings
from motor vehicles, exposures have not changed from some sources of CO.
One of these is the operation of portable electrical generators in
poorly ventilated spaces. This study sought to describe the population
poisoned from CO produced by portable electric generators, and to
determine the reaso
|
|
|
|
83. |
0% - |
Surveillance for Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Using a National Media
Clipping Service |
Authors:
Jack C. Clifton, II |
|
|
Using a novel method to review carbon monoxide (CO) exposures in
the US, the role of CO detectors in prevention of CO-related deaths was
studied. Using a national media clipping service, CO poisonings reported
in the US were analyzed. The impact of CO detectors was investigated
through nonfatal outcomes attributable to the presence of CO detectors
and case fatality rate comparison among cities with and without CO
detector ordinances. There were 4,564 CO exposures resulting in 406
(8.9%) fataliti
|
|
|
|
84. |
0% - |
Identifying and managing adverse environmental health effects: 6. Carbon
monoxide poisoning |
Authors:
Alan Abelsohn, Margaret D. Sanborn, Barry J.
Jessiman |
|
|
CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING IS AN ENIGMATIC ILLNESS. The symptoms
are often nonspecific or masked by an exacerbation of an underlying
illness, such as congestive heart failure, that has been triggered by
carbon monoxide inhalation. The effects can range from mild, annoying
symptoms relieved by removal of the source to severe morbidity with
profound central nervous system dysfunction, acute complications and
delayed sequelae. Estimates suggest that about one-third of nonfatal
cases of carbon monoxi
|
|
|
|
93. |
0% - |
Environmental factors influencing the development and progression of
pediatric asthma |
Authors:
Erika von Mutius |
|
|
Recent data underscore the importance of environmental factors in
the sensitization of children to certain allergens and the development
of asthma. Maternal smoking and family (especially maternal) history of
atopy appear to be risk factors for persistent sensitization and
development of asthma. Indeed, exposure to tobacco smoke in utero
significantly increases asthma risk and influences the timing of
sensitization. It must be stated that any smoking at home has
consequences for the development
|
