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1. |
0% - |
Ohio State University Extension Fact Sheet - Termite Control
|
Authors:
Susan C. Jones |
|
|
Subterranean termites are the most common and economically
important wood-destroying organisms in the United States. Termites feed
on materials that contain cellulose, primarily dead wood and wood
by-products. Subterranean termites are closely associated with the soil
habitat where they excavate a network of tunnels through the soil to
reach water and food. These termites need moisture to survive. Termites
feed slowly so there is no need to panic if they are discovered in one's
home. A few weeks
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2. |
0% - |
Working the bugs out of asthma |
Authors:
Carol Potera |
|
|
Cockroach antigens (proteins found in the insects' feces, saliva,
eggs, and shed cuticles) have been implicated as one of the leading
causes of asthma among inner-city children. These antigens can trigger
severe allergic reactions, and even tiny amounts can be potentially
fatal to sensitive asthmatics. Cockroach allergies are particularly
difficult to treat because the cockroach antigens are so persistent. The
challenge lies in pinpointing the precise location of the antigens
within a house
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3. |
0% - |
Cockroach Control Manual |
Authors:
Ogg, B., Ferraro, D., and C. Ogg |
|
|
The Cockroach Control Manual is a practical reference for persons
who have had little or no training in insect identification, biology or
control methods. An earlier version was developed for those attending
our Cockroach Combat Workshops. In these workshops, we emphasized a
holistic, least-toxic approach to controlling cockroaches using all
available tactics for the most effective control. Each of the authors
have read enough scientific literature to understand just how easy it
would have b
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8. |
0% - |
What is a pesticide? |
Authors:
U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) |
|
|
A pesticide is any substance or mixture of substances intended
for: preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest. Though
often misunderstood to refer only to insecticides, the term pesticide
also applies to herbicides, fungicides, and various other substances
used to control pests. Under United States law, a pesticide is also any
substance or mixture of substances intended for use as a plant
regulator, defoliant, or desiccant.
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9. |
0% - |
Fact Sheet on Rodents: Rats and Mice |
Authors:
Laurene Hall |
|
|
Rats and mice will inhabit a variety of places including
woodpiles, bushes, tall grasses, and underground burrows. They often
find shelter in buildings, cars, appliances, and furniture that has been
put outside. They are most attracted to garbage cans with loose lids,
birdseed, pet food in pet dishes, and fruits and berries on the ground.
Furthermore, compost bins containing meat, fish, poultry, or dairy
wastes are rat magnets. Do not put these items in your compost. Once
inside your home, rats
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14. |
0% - |
Integrated Pest Management in Housing |
Authors:
Sam Bryks |
|
|
Most of us have the expectation of having “apparently” pest free
homes – no creepy crawlies of any kind, no bugs or spiders or mice or
anything that sneaks or creeps. This has always been a desire of people
even when it was almost impossible in earlier historical periods. Pests
have always played very significant roles in the human experience. Most
of plagues mentioned in the Chapter Exodus from the Old Testament were
pests of one form or other. These were often described as pestilence –
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15. |
0% - |
Contracts and Contractors - Integrated Pest Management in Housing
|
Authors:
Toronto
IPM Housing Contractors |
|
|
Pest
control contracts for housing (and especially in the public/nonprofit
sector) have been no-win, low bid, “run and spray”, “what do you expect”
low expectation, low-tech, necessary “evil” services until quite
recently. “Evil” in the sense of it not being pleasant to have to have
pesticides applied in one’s home, with this idea that “it’s safe to us,
but will kill the roaches”. The lesser of two evils one might say… “What
is worst? having the bugs? Or the odour of the spray for a short
|
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16. |
0% - |
Integrated Pest Management Kit For Building Managers |
Authors:
Brad Mitchell |
|
|
What Is IPM? Traditional methods of pest control usually involves
no more than periodic applications of pesticides. IPM is a common sense
approach to pest management that uses a variety of methods to control
pests. Chemical pesticides may be part of an IPM program. However,
considerable effort is also put towards preventing pest problems by
controlling conditions which may attract and support pests. IPM has been
used successfully for many years in agriculture, and is increasingly
being applied
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17. |
0% - |
Can Integrated Pest Management Impact Urban Children with Asthma?
|
Authors:
Megan Sandel, et al. |
|
|
Objective: To assess if an integrated pest management (IPM)
program can impact pest infestation levels and the health of urban
children with asthma Methods: Within a larger randomized controlled
study in private and subsidized urban homes, all families who reported
pest infestations were offered an Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
program consisting of an in-home education session about reducing pests,
supplies to seal food and trash, and two treatments from a professional
pest control service.
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18. |
0% - |
The Principals of Integrated Pest Management |
Authors:
The Principals of Integrated Pest Management |
|
|
WHY USE INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT? 1. IPM is the most effective
method of controlling pests. 2. Pesticides may not always be the safest
way to deal with pest problems. Studies having shown that children are
at greater risk than adults to the effects of pesticide exposure. 3.
Kids may crawl or play on surfaces that have been treated with
pesticides, increasing their risk of exposure. 4. Getting organized,
improving sanitation, and sealing buildings results in numerous benefits
in addition to p
|
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19. |
0% - |
Working with a Pest Management Company in an IPM Program - IPM in
Schools and Child Care Facilities |
Authors:
IU - IPM Contracting Guide |
|
|
An increasing number of pest management companies are providing
IPM services such as monitoring for pests and use of baits instead of
spray insecticides. Communicate with your current provider that you are
interested in developing an IPM program. They may be knowledgeable about
IPM and happy to provide these services. When hiring a new company,
provide a copy of your pest management policy and confirm that the
company can provide services that are consistent with the policy.
|
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20. |
0% - |
School IPM IPM Standards available for Schools! |
Authors:
The IPM Institute of North America, Inc. |
|
|
How do you know if the pest management practices in your school
are the least risk, most effective available? Is your school doing as
much as possible to prevent and avoid pest problems? How many of the
available IPM practices is your school implementing? "IPM Standards for
Schools: A Program for Reducing Pest and Pesticide Risks in Schools and
Other Sensitive Environments" is a new initiative that can provide
answers to these questions. The 128 page document lists more than 700
IPM practices
|
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21. |
0% - |
HUD Maintenance Guidebooks Guidebook VII Termite, Insect, and Rodent
Control |
Authors:
Department of Housing and Urban Development
Office of Public and Indian Housing |
|
|
The purpose of this Guidebook is to introduce public housing
agencies and Indian housing authorities (jointly known as HAs) to
current pest management methods and principles that will make their task
more rewarding and effective. In order to reduce risk from exposure to
toxic pesticides, these methods are less dependent upon chemical
pesticides. The old ways no longer work well since pests developed
resistance to many pesticides. This Guidebook provides information on
modern Integrated Pest Mana
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22. |
0% - |
Guidance on Integrated Pest Management |
Authors:
U.S.
Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of Public and Indian
Housing |
|
|
PURPOSE: The purpose of this Notice is to inform public housing
agencies (PHAs) and Tribally Designated Housing Entities (TDHEs) of the
additional reference materials on Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
beyond Maintenance Guidebook Seven: Termite, Insect and Rodent Control.
PHAs and TDHEs (HAs) may choose to share this information with families
and property owners participating in their programs. 2. APPLICABILITY:
The information in this Notice may be of interest to HAs, property
owners, propert
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23. |
0% - |
Integrated Pest Management in Schools |
Authors:
Dr. Albert Green |
|
|
Background: Early in the 1960's, concern over widespread
pesticide misuse and the publication of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring
launched the environmental movement. Pesticides are still relatively
unique as toxic contaminants in that they are intentionally put into the
environment to accomplish their purpose. Therefore, all pest control
programs have a special responsibility to fully consider the impact of
these chemicals and to prioritize the use of least toxic alternatives.
Modern, responsible
|
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24. |
0% - |
Integrated Pest Management Technical Guide |
Authors:
GSA |
|
|
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is “a sustainable approach to
managing pests by combining biological, cultural, physical, and chemical
tools in a way that minimizes economic, health, and environmental risks”
(7 USC 136r-1). With the emergence of IPM, methods of pest control have
become more holistic and effective in protecting people, property, and
the environment from the risks of pests and pesticides. As a result,
Federal agencies are required to implement and promote IPM in a manner
that s
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25. |
0% - |
Integrated Pest Management Program Contract Guide Specification
|
Authors:
Dr. Albert Greene |
|
|
This specification is part of a comprehensive Integrated Pest
Management (IPM) program for the premises listed herein. IPM is a
process for achieving long-term, environmentally sound pest suppression
and prevention through the use of a wide variety of technological and
management practices. Control strategies in an IPM program include:
Structural and procedural modifications to reduce food, water,
harborage, and access used by pests; Pesticide compounds, formulations,
and application methods tha
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26. |
0% - |
Pesticides: Health and Safety |
Authors:
U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency |
|
|
Following is a list of pesticide state lead agencies. In general,
the first Web site listed is a general site for the state's
environmental agency. The second Web site is specific to certification
and training programs. If two agencies are listed, the state department
of agriculture or equivalent usually certifies most categories of
applicators, while the structural pest control agency certifies on for
structural pest control.
|
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27. |
0% - |
About pesticides |
Authors:
U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency |
|
|
The following documents provide general information about ways to
reduce risks from pesticide exposure at home, work and at school.
|
|
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|
28. |
0% - |
Pesticides Outreach Material Catalogue: Information for Your Home and
Community |
Authors:
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA), Office of Pesticides Programs |
|
|
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of
Pesticides Programs (OPP) Outreach Publications Catalogue, is a
comprehensive listing of more than 50 outreach publications and 70 fact
sheets available free of charge to the public. These publications are
intended for use by the general public, including homeowners, parents,
and urban community leaders. All publications listed in this catalogue
provide useful information on responsible pesticide use, storage, and
disposal practices. Many
|
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|
|
29. |
0% - |
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in Schools: Protecting Children in
Schools from Pests and Pesticides |
Authors:
U.s.
Environmental Protection Agency |
|
|
Pesticides are powerful tools for controlling pests. However,
pesticides need to be used carefully and judiciously, especially when
used in sensitive areas where children are present. Children are more
sensitive than adults to pesticides. Young children can have greater
exposure to pesticides from crawling, exploring, or other hand-to-mouth
activities. Put simply, integrated pest management (IPM) is a safer, and
usually less costly option for effective pest management in a school
community. A s
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|
30. |
0% - |
Armed Forces Pest Management Board Technical Guide No. 29 Integrated
Pest Management (IPM) in and Around Buildings |
Authors:
Defense
Pest Management Information Analysis Center |
|
|
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is defined in DoD Instruction
4150.7 as "a planned program,incorporating continuous monitoring,
education, record-keeping, and communication to prevent pests and
disease vectors from causing unacceptable damage to operations, people,
property, materiel, or the environment. IPM uses targeted,
sustainable(effective, economical, environmentally sound) methods
including habitat, modification, biological control, genetic control,
cultural control, mechanical control,
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31. |
0% - |
Tools for detecting hazards: cockroaches |
Authors:
Community Environmental Health Resource
Center |
|
|
Traditionally, cockroaches were controlled only because they are
offensive, leave behind an awful smell, and cause gastrointestinal and
respiratory illness. Small infestations were often tolerated. However,
the latest research shows that the traditional approach ignored the more
serious hazard - that cockroach debris (old shells, body parts, and
droppings) triggers asthma attacks in people who are sensitized to
cockroach allergen. With asthma rates growing, especially among children
and African
|
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32. |
0% - |
Cockroaches: decision guide |
Authors:
CEHRC: Community Environmental Health
Resource Center (CEHRC) |
|
|
This guide is intended for project managers considering whether
they want to measure cockroach levels in homes and, if so, what homes
should be the focus of their efforts. The Cockroach Sampling
Instructions provide step-by-step instructions that the Hazard
Investigator needs in order to get the job done properly. CEHRC’s
Cockroach Background Materials offer added reference information.
Traditionally, cockroaches were only controlled because they were
offensive, left behind an awful smell, and c
|
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33. |
0% - |
Household Pests |
Authors:
Canada
Mortgage and Housing Corporation |
|
|
Vermin, rodents and other household pests occur in some rental
properties. Pests live anywhere they can find food, water, warmth and
shelter. Pest control companies regularly service many apartment
buildings. Pests present serious health hazards to residents; therefore,
the landlord is responsible for getting rid of them. If tenants are
unable to eliminate household pests, the landlord is obliged to hire a
professional exterminator. Local health departments can help tenants
whose landlords are
|
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34. |
0% - |
Sample Integrated Pest Management Specifications |
Authors:
New York City Department of Health and Mental
Hygiene (DOHMH) & Dr. Stephen Franz |
|
|
Provide integrated pest management services. Conduct IPM outreach
and workshop sessions to educate tenant associations, landlords,
superintendents, and other building and community residents about the
availability of IPM services. Provide direct instruction to residents on
apartment maintenance to sustain reduced infestation and improved safety
and health. Submit detailed monthly reports on project status using a
template provided by DOHMH. Cooperate with DOHMH on evaluating the
process and eff
|
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|
35. |
0% - |
Durability by design - A guide for residential builders and designers
|
Authors:
U.S.
Department of Housing and Urban Development |
|
|
Insects are not just nuisances, some are also a serious threat to
building durability. The following types of insects are known to damage
wooden materials in homes and in other structures: Termites, Carpenter
Ants, Wood-boring Beetles, and Carpenter Bees. While all of the above
insects can pose a threat to wood-framed homes, termites are the most
prevalent and damaging insect. Therefore, most of this chapter addresses
issues and practices related to the control and prevention of termite
infest
|
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|
39. |
0% - |
How to use integrated pest management to uninvited residential pests
|
Authors:
The New York State IPM Program |
|
|
Integrated pest management, or IPM, is both a way of thinking and
a way of acting in regard to pests. People who practice IPM try to
prevent damage from pests or to manage them in ways that reduce risks to
the environment and human health. To practice IPM, you don’t have to be
an expert. This brochure is designed to help get you started with an
understanding of insects, weeds, and other pests in and around your
home.
|
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|
40. |
0% - |
Tips to Rid Your House of Insects and Rodents |
Authors:
Health Canada |
|
|
Pests such as insects and rodents in the yard or home are often
just a nuisance; however, some can damage food or possessions in your
house. Simple preventive measures can stop most problems before they
begin. Even when pests do get into the house, there is rarely a need to
use pesticides. Simply removing their food supply and breeding sites is
often the most effective control. Steps such as managing garbage so that
it attracts fewer insects and animals, cleaning up spilled food,
especially p
|
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54. |
0% - |
Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage 1996 and 1997 Market Estimates
|
Authors:
Arnold L.
Aspelin and Arthur H. Grube |
|
|
Pesticides of various types are used in most sectors of the U.S.
Economy. In general terms, a pesticide is any agent used to kill or
control undesired insects, weeds, rodents, fungi, bacteria or other
organisms. Thus, the term “pesticide” includes insecticides, herbicides,
rodenticides, fungicides, nematicides, and acaracides as well as
disinfectants, fumigants, wood preservatives and plant growth
regulators. Pesticides play a vital role in controlling agricultural,
industrial, home/garden, and
|
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|
|
55. |
0% - |
Diazinon Revised Risk Assessment and Agreement with Registrants
|
Authors:
United
States Environmental Protection Agency, Prevention,
Pesticides And Toxic Substances |
|
|
EPA is releasing its revised risk assessment and announcing an
agreement with registrants to remove and phase out certain uses of the
organophosphate pesticide diazinon. Also known as Spectracide and other
trade names, diazinon is one of the most widely-used insecticides in the
U.S., especially for household lawn and garden pest control. The Food
Quality Protection Act, enacted in 1996, sets a more stringent safety
standard for most pesticides and offers special protection for children.
EPA has
|
|
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|
56. |
0% - |
Chlorpyrifos Revised Risk Assessment and Agreement with Registrants
|
Authors:
United
States Environmental Protection Agency, Prevention,
Pesticides And Toxic Substances |
|
|
EPA has released its revised risk assessment and announced an
agreement with registrants to eliminate and phase out certain uses of
the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos. Also known as Dursban,
Lorsban, and other trade names, chlorpyrifos is one of the most
widely-used insecticides in the U.S., both in agriculture and in and
around the home. The Food Quality Protection Act, enacted in 1996, sets
a more stringent safety standard for most pesticides and offers special
protection for childre
|
|
|
|
57. |
0% - |
Cost and Efficacy Comparison of Integrated Pest Management Strategies
with Monthly Spray Insecticide Applications for German Cockroach
(Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) Control in Public Housing |
Authors:
D.M. Miller and F. Meek |
|
|
The long-term costs and efficacy of two treatment methodologies
for German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), control were compared in
the public housing environment. The “traditional” treatment for German
cockroaches consisted of monthly baseboard and crack and crevice
treatment (TBCC) by using spray and dust formulation insecticides. The
integrated pest management treatment (IPM) involved initial vacuuming of
apartments followed by monthly or quarterly applications of baits and
insect growth
|
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|
|
59. |
0% - |
Pesticides Industry Sales And Usage 1994 and 1995 Market Estimates
|
Authors:
Arnold L.
Aspelin |
|
|
This report provides an overview of the pesticide industry for
1994 and 1995. It contains a series of tables with estimates of the U.S.
market for those two years. The tables contain information on quantities
used and user expenditures (by economic sector and pesticide class),
imports, exports, numbers of firms/individuals involved in
production/use of pesticides, number of pesticides, certified
applicators and on a number of other topics. Much of the tabular
information in this report is for th
|
|
|
|
60. |
0% - |
Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage 2000 and 2001 Market Estimates
|
Authors:
Timothy Kiely, David Donaldson and Arthur
Grube |
|
|
Under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
(FIFRA) and the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in cooperation with the States
and other agencies, such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and
the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), is responsible for regulating
the production and use of pesticides in the United States. This report
provides contemporary and historical economic information on the U.S.
pesticide produc
|
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|
66. |
0% - |
Developmental neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos: cellular mechanisms
|
Authors:
K.D. Whitney, F.J. Seidler and T.A. Slotkin |
|
|
Chlorpyrifos, one of the most widely used pesticides, exhibits
greater toxicity during development than in adulthood. We administered
chlorpyrifos to neonatal rats in apparently subtoxic doses that caused
no mortality and little or no weight deficits and examined developing
brain regions (cerebellum, forebrain, brainstem) for signs of
interference with cell development. One-day-old rats given 2 mg/kg sc of
chlorpyrifos showed significant inhibition of DNA synthesis in all brain
regions within 4
|
|
|
|
67. |
0% - |
Non-Occupational Exposures to Pesticides for Residents of Two U.S.
Cities |
Authors:
R. W. Whitmore, et al. |
|
|
The Non-Occupational Pesticide Exposure Study, funded by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, was designed to assess total human
exposures to 32 pesticides and pesticide degradation products in the
non-occupational environment; however, the study focused primarily on
inhalation exposures. Two sites--Jacksonville, Florida (USA) and
Springfield/Chicopee, Massachusetts (USA)--were studied during three
seasons: Summer 1986 (Jacksonville only), Spring 1987, and Winter 1988.
Probability samples
|
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|
|
69. |
0% - |
Measurement of atmospheric concentrations of common household
pesticides: a pilot study |
Authors:
Robert G. Lewis and Andrew E. Bond |
|
|
Abstract. Air concentrations of 28 of the most commonly used
household pesticides were measured inside nine homes in Jacksonville,
Florida, and compared with corresponding outdoor levels. The households
selected were sorted into three categories according to the degree of
pesticide indoor usage. Personal air monitoring was also performed on
one resident of each household by means of a portable sampler, which was
kept with the person at all times. Five of the pesticides were found in
the air insi
|
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|
70. |
0% - |
Acute toxicity of two pyrethroids, perrnethrin, and eypermethrin in
neonatal and adult rats |
Authors:
Franco Cantalamessa |
|
|
The present study aims specifically at obtaining a comparison of
the acute toxicity of cypermethrin (CY), a type I pyrethroid, and
permethrin (PERM), a type II pyrethroid, administered orally as a single
dose to neonatal and adult rats, and at assessing the importance of
pyrethroid biotransformation in CY and PERM toxicity through use of drug
metabolism inhibitors. Our experiments show that CY is more toxic than
PERM to adult and neonatal rats. The sensitivity of neonatal rats both
to CY and t
|
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|
|
71. |
0% - |
Biology and management of the Japanese beetle |
Authors:
Daniel A. Potter and David W. Held |
|
|
The Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, an introduced
scarab, has become the most widespread and destructive insect pest of
turf, landscapes, and nursery crops in the eastern United States. It
also damages many fruit, garden, and field crops. This review emphasizes
recent research on the beetle's biology and management. Adults feed on
leaves, flowers, or fruits of more than 300 plant species. Adaptations
mediating their host finding, dietary range, mating, and oviposition are
discussed.
|
|
|
|
87. |
0% - |
Domestic allergens in public places III: house dust mite, cat, dog and
cockroach allergens in British hospitals |
Authors:
A. Custovic, et al. |
|
|
BACKGROUND: Exposure and sensitization to indoor allergens is a
major cause of asthma. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the levels of
house dust mite, cat, dog and cockroach allergens in the dust and air in
hospitals and the effects of regular vacuum cleaning on allergen levels
in hospital chairs. METHODS: Der p 1, Fel d 1, Can f 1 and Bla g 2 were
measured in the dust collected by vacuuming upholstered chairs and a 1
m2 area of carpet and mattress in 14 hospitals. Air samples were
collected
|
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|
88. |
0% - |
Asthma in the Elderly: Cockroach Sensitization and Severity of Airway
Obstruction in Elderly Nonsmokers |
Authors:
Linda Rogers, et al. |
|
|
Study objectives: To test the hypothesis that the presence of
sensitization to indoor allergens is associated with increased severity
of airway obstruction in elderly subjects with asthma. Design: Cohort
study of subjects enrolled in a public hospital asthma clinic. Setting:
Asthma clinic in a municipal public hospital serving an indigent
population in New York City. Patients: Subjects aged > 60 years with
asthma who were enrolled in the Bellevue Hospital Asthma Clinic. Total
serum IgE and al
|
|
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|
96. |
0% - |
The prevalence of rat allergen in innercity homes and its relationship
to sensitization and asthma morbidity |
Authors:
Tamara Perry, et al. |
|
|
Background: Rat allergen has proved to be an important cause of
IgE-mediated hypersensitivity in the occupational setting. The
prevalence and significance of rat allergen in homes has not been
studied. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the
prevalence of rat allergen in the homes of inner-city children with
asthma and to examine the relationship between rat allergen exposure,
sensitization, and asthma morbidity. Methods:We developed a new
monoclonal-based ELISA to determine
|
|
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|
97. |
0% - |
House dust mite and cockroach exposure are strong risk factors for
positive allergy skin test responses in the Childhood Asthma Management
Program |
Authors:
Karen Huss, et al. |
|
|
Background: Children with asthma have a high prevalence of
environmental allergies, especially to indoor allergens. The
relationships of exposure to indoor allergens (dust mites, cat, dog,
cockroach, and molds) and other host factors to allergy sensitization
have not been evaluated simultaneously in a large cohort. Objectives:We
studied 1041 children aged 5 to 12 years with mild-to-moderate asthma to
determine risk factors associated with having positive allergy skin test
responses to indoor al
|
|
|
|
98. |
0% - |
The role and remediation of animal allergens in allergic diseases
|
Authors:
Martin D. Chapman and Robert A.Wood, |
|
|
Animal allergens are common causes of both acute and chronic
allergic disease. The most important animal allergens are derived from
mammals, principally cats, dogs, rats, mice, horses, and cows, which
secrete or excrete allergens into the environment. Allergic
sensitization may occur at home or in the workplace. Cat and dog
allergens commonly cause allergies in the home and affect the general
population. Laboratory animal handlers often have allergic reactions to
rats and mice. Cow dander aller
|
|
|
|
100. |
0% - |
Current reviews of allergy and clinical immunology |
Authors:
L. Karla Arruda, et al. |
|
|
Asthma and allergy are the most common diseases associated with
cockroach infestation of houses in the United States and other parts of
the world. Sensitization and exposure to cockroach allergens is
associated with increased asthma morbidity in the United States,
especially among lower socioeconomic groups, including African American
and Hispanic populations. Exposure to cockroach allergens in the first 3
months of life has been associated with repeated wheezing and asthma.
The principal domes
|
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102. |
0% - |
Abatement of cockroach allergens (Bla g 1 and Bla g 2) in low-income,
urban housing: Month 12 continuation results |
Authors:
Samuel J. Arbes, et al. |
|
|
Background: In the first 6 months of this previously published,
randomized trial, the combined intervention of occupant education,
insecticide bait application, and professional cleaning significantly
reduced cockroach numbers and Bla g 1 allergen levels in inner-city
homes. Objective: This continuation study investigated whether the
cockroach allergen reductions achieved by month 6 could be maintained
through month 12 with insecticide application alone. Methods: Because we
had agreed to plac
|
|
|
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103. |
0% - |
Abatement of cockroach allergen (Bla g 1) in low-income, urban housing:
A randomized controlled trial |
Authors:
Samuel J. Arbes, et al. |
|
|
Background: Clinically relevant reductions in exposure to
cockroach allergen, an important risk factor for asthma in inner-city
households, have proven difficult to achieve in intervention trials.
Objective: This study investigated a method for the abatement of
cockroach allergen in low-income, urban homes. The goal was to reduce
mean Bla g 1 concentrations below the previously proposed thresholds for
allergic sensitization and asthma morbidity. Methods: A prerandomized,
nonmasked trial with 1
|
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|
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109. |
0% - |
The role of intervention in established allergy: Avoidance of indoor
allergens in the treatment of chronic allergic disease |
Authors:
Thomas A. E. Platts-Mills, John W.Vaughan,
Melody C. Carter and Judith A. Woodfolk |
|
|
Avoidance of exposure to indoor allergens is an important element
in the treatment of allergic disease. The results of several studies
provide strong evidence in support of a role for allergen avoidance;
however, strategies that optimize allergen reduction in houses have not
been determined. Complex issues regarding the efficacy of physical and
chemical measures that target house dust mite, pet, and cockroach
allergens in the home are discussed. The greatest challenge is to
educate allergic pa
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110. |
0% - |
Mouse allergen. II. The relationship of mouse allergen exposure to mouse
sensitization and asthma morbidity in inner-city children with asthma
|
Authors:
Wanda Phipatanakul, Peyton A. Eggleston,
Elizabeth C.Wright, Robert A.Wood and the National Cooperative
Inner-City Asthma Study |
|
|
Background: Although mouse allergen is known to cause
occupational asthma in laboratory workers, its potential significance in
home environments has never been studied. Objective: This study was
designed to define the prevalence of mouse sensitivity and its
relationship to mouse allergen exposure and disease activity in
inner-city children with asthma. Methods: A subset of 499 subjects from
the National Cooperative Inner-City Asthma Study had dust samples
adequate for mouse allergen analys
|
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|
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111. |
0% - |
The prevalence of rat allergen in innercity homes and its relationship
to sensitization and asthma morbidity |
Authors:
Tamara Perry, Elizabeth Matsui and Barry
Merriman |
|
|
Background: Rat allergen has proved to be an important cause of
IgE-mediated hypersensitivity in the occupational setting. The
prevalence and significance of rat allergen in homes has not been
studied. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the
prevalence of rat allergen in the homes of inner-city children with
asthma and to examine the relationship between rat allergen exposure,
sensitization, and asthma morbidity. Methods:We developed a new
monoclonal-based ELISA to determine
|
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|
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113. |
0% - |
Exposure to cockroach allergen in the home is associated with incident
doctordiagnosed asthma and recurrent wheezing |
Authors:
Augusto A. Litonjua, Vincent J. Carey,
Harriet A. Burge, Scott T. Weiss, and Diane R. Gold |
|
|
Background: Indoor inhaled allergens have been repeatedly
demonstrated to worsen asthma in sensitized individuals, but their role
in incident asthma is more controversial. Objective:We investigated the
relationship between exposure to allergens (dust mite, cat, and
cockroach) measured in the home and incident doctor-diagnosed asthma and
recurrent wheezing in children born to parents with asthma, allergies,
or both. Methods: From an ongoing longitudinal family and birth cohort
study, we identif
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115. |
0% - |
Results of the National Cooperative Inner-City Asthma Study (NCICAS)
environmental intervention to reduce cockroach allergen exposure in
inner city homes |
Authors:
Peter J. Gergen, et al. |
|
|
Background: Cockroach allergen is important in asthma. Practical
methods to reduce exposure are needed. Objective:We sought to evaluate
the effectiveness of house cleaning and professional extermination on
lowering cockroach antigen levels in inner-city dwellings. Methods: As
part of the National Cooperative Inner-City Asthma Study intervention,
265 of 331 families with asthmatic children who had positive skin test
responses to cockroach allergen consented to a professional home
extermination
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116. |
0% - |
Pesticide residues in urine of adults living in the United States:
reference range concentrations |
Authors:
Robert H. Hill, Jr., et al. |
|
|
We measured 12 analytes in urine of 1000 adults living in the
United States to establish reference range concentrations for pesticide
residues. We frequently found six of these analytes: 2,5-dichlorophenol
(in 98% of adults); 2,4-dichlorophenol (in 64%); 1-naphthol (in 86%);
2-naphthol (in 81%); 3,5,6- trichloro-2-pyridinol (in 82%); and
pentachlorophenol (in 64%). The 95th percentile concentration (95th PC)
for 2,5-dichlorophenol (indicative of p-dichlorobenzene exposure) was
790 micrograms/lit
|
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118. |
0% - |
Curbing cockroaches and their allergens |
Authors:
Tara Weaver |
|
|
Focuses on how Richard J. Brenner, an entomologist at the United
States (US) Agricultural Research Service (ARS), is working on
innovative strategies and tools to eliminate cockroaches. Social and
health problems caused by the pest; Most troublesome species of
cockroaches in the US; Development of a cockroach allergen detection;
Some of Brenner's other cooperative research projects that are focused
on tackling social and health implications of cockroaches. Agricultural
Research; Jun98, Vol. 46 I
|
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121. |
0% - |
Distribution of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid in Floor Dust throughout
Homes Following Homeowner and Commercial Lawn Applications: Quantitative
Effects of Children, Pets, and Shoes |
Authors:
Marcia G. Nishioka, Hazel M. Burkholder,
Marielle C. Brinkman, and Robert G. Lewis |
|
|
Transport of lawn-applied 2,4-D into 13 actual homes was measured
following both homeowner and commercial application of this herbicide to
residential lawns. Collection of floor dust in five rooms of each house,
corresponding to an entryway, living room, dining room, kitchen, and a
child’s bedroom, both prior to and after application, indicated that
turf residues are transported indoors and that the gradient in 2,4-D
dust loading (íg/m2) through the house follows the traffic pattern from
the ent
|
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122. |
0% - |
Phthalates, Alkylphenols, Pesticides, Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers,
and Other Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds in Indoor Air and Dust
|
Authors:
Ruthann A. Rudel, David E. Camann, John D.
Spengler, Leo R. Korn, and Julia G. Brody |
|
|
Chemicals identified as endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs)
have widespread consumer uses, yet little is known about indoor
exposure. We sampled indoor air and dust in 120 homes, analyzing for 89
organic chemicals identified as EDCs. Fifty-two compounds were detected
in air and 66 were detected in dust. These are the first reported
measures in residential environments for over 30 of the compounds,
including several detected at the highest concentrations. The number of
compounds detected per h
|
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123. |
0% - |
Chlordanes in the Indoor and Outdoor Air of Three U.S. Cities
|
Authors:
John H. Offenberg |
|
|
Indoor and outdoor concentrations of six chlordane components (
trans-chlordane, cis-chlordane, transnonachlor, cis-nonachlor,
oxychlordane, and MC5) were measured at 157 residences, all of which
were inhabited by nonsmoking individuals, in three urban areas during
June 1999-May 2000. The analyses were conducted on a subset of 48 h
integrated samples collected in Los Angeles County, CA, Houston, TX, and
Elizabeth, NJ within the Relationship of Indoor, Outdoor, and Personal
Air (RIOPA) study. B
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124. |
0% - |
Measuring Transport of Lawn-Applied Herbicide Acids from Turf to Home:
Correlation of Dislodgeable 2,4-D Turf Residues with Carpet Dust and
Carpet Surface Residues |
Authors:
Marcia G. Nishioka, Hazel M. Burkholder,
Marielle C. Brinkman, and Sydney M. Gordon, Robert G. Lewis |
|
|
Transport of lawn-applied herbicides into the home via walking
over treated turf, defined here as track-in, was measured at five
different times out to 1 week after application. Residues of
turf-applied 2,4-D and dicamba were measured in carpet dust and on the
carpet surface after track-in. Both carpet dust levels and carpet
surface dislodgeable residue levels were highly correlated with turf
dislodgeable residue levels. Turf dislodgeable residues were 0.1-0.2% of
turf application levels. Trans
|
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125. |
0% - |
Effect of environmental intervention on mouse allergen levels in homes
of inner-city Boston children with asthma |
Authors:
Wanda Phipatanakul, et al. |
|
|
Background: Recent studies have suggested that mouse allergen
exposure and sensitization are common in urban children with asthma. The
effectiveness of environmental intervention in reducing mouse allergen
exposure has not been established. Objective: To evaluate whether
environmental intervention of mouse extermination and cleaning results
in a reduction in mouse allergen levels. Methods: Eighteen homes of
children with positive mouse allergen skin test results and at least
mild persistent as
|
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126. |
0% - |
Association of recurrent wheezing with sensitivity to cockroach allergen
in |
Authors:
Michelle J. De Vera, Sol Drapkin and James N.
Moy |
|
|
Background: There are numerous data that show a strong
relationship between early exposure and sensitization to indoor
allergens and the development of asthma and persistent wheezing in
children. Most studies, however, have only examined the prevalence of
allergy in children who have been identified as having asthma.
Objective: To assess the prevalence of positive skin test results to
common inhaled allergens and possible association with wheezing in
inner-city children being seen in a general
|
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128. |
0% - |
Cockroach allergen abatement with extermination and sodium hypochlorite
cleaning in inner-city homes |
Authors:
Robert A. Wood, et al. |
|
|
Background: Although the importance of cockroach allergen in
chronic asthma has now been well defined, little progress has been made
in the control of cockroach allergen in infested homes. Objective: The
objective of this study was to examine the ability of a combination of
professional pest extermination and household cleaning using a solution
of sodium hypochlorite to reduce cockroach infestation and allergen
levels in cockroach infested homes. Methods: Seventeen
cockroach-infested homes we
|
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130. |
0% - |
Symptoms of wheeze and persistent cough in the first year of life:
associations |
Authors:
Kathleen Belanger, et al. |
|
|
In a cohort of 849 infants with an asthmatic sibling, the authors
examined the relations of exposure to allergens (dust mite, cockroach,
cat, and dog), nitrogen dioxide, and mold with symptoms of wheeze and
persistent cough in the first year of life (1998–2000). Among infants
whose mothers had physician-diagnosed asthma, neither dust mite allergen
nor dog allergen was associated with either symptom. Exposure to
cockroach allergen (Bla g 1 at ?2 U/g) modestly increased the risk for
wheeze (odds r
|
|
|
|
133. |
0% - |
Limitations of a Home Characteristics Questionnaire as a Predictor of
Indoor Allergen Levels |
Authors:
Ginger L. Chew, at al. |
|
|
We examined associations between reported home characteristics
and levels of indoor allergens in 499 homes of a birth cohort of
children of allergic /asthmatic families from the Boston area. The risk
of having dust mite allergen (Der f1 or Der p1)>2mg/g on the bedroom
floor was highest in houses, but 16% of apartments had levels this high.
Compared with that from smooth floors, dust from carpeted bedroom floors
had 2.1 times the risk of dust mite allergen >10mg/g, but levels
exceeded 2mg/g in 3
|
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|
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139. |
0% - |
Monthly measurements of indoor allergens and the influence of housing
type in a northeastern US city |
Authors:
G.L. Chew, K.M. Higgins, D.R. Gold, M.L.
Muilenberg, H.A. Burge |
|
|
Background: We examined seasonal variation of dust-mite (Der f 1
and Der p 1), cat (Fel d 1), and cockroach (Bla g 1) allergens in
Boston, while adjusting for other covariates. Limited data are available
on seasonal patterns of indoor allergen concentrations for different
geographic regions in the USA. Understanding within-home seasonal
variation of allergens is important epidemiologically and clinically.
Methods: From June 1995 to June 1996, dust samples were vacuumed monthly
from the bed, bed
|
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147. |
0% - |
Cost and Efficacy Comparison of Integrated Pest Management Strategies
with Monthly Spray Insecticide Applications for German Cockroach
(Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) Control in Public Housing |
Authors:
D. M. Miller and F. Meek |
|
|
The long-term costs and efficacy of two treatment methodologies
for German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), control were compared in
the public housing environment. The “traditional” treatment for German
cockroaches consisted of monthly baseboard and crack and crevice
treatment (TBCC) by using spray and dust formulation insecticides. The
integrated pest management treatment (IPM) involved initial vacuuming of
apartments followed by monthly or quarterly applications of baits and
insect growth
|
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148. |
0% - |
Behavioral and Physiological Resistance of the German Cockroach
|
Authors:
Changlu Wang, Michael E. Scharf and Gary W.
Bennett |
|
|
A gel bait-resistant German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.),
strain Cincy was collected in Cincinnati, OH. This strain exhibited a
high level of behavioral resistance to Avert (0.05% abamectin) and
Maxforce FC (0.01% Þpronil) gel baits. Topical application assays
indicated moderate levels of physiological resistance of the Cincy
strain to abamectin and Þpronil. Resistance ratios (based on LD50 values
from topical applications) to abamectin and Þpronil were 2.5 and 8.7,
respectively. The Cin
|
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|
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150. |
0% - |
Rodent Control in Urban Areas - An Interdisciplinary Approach
|
Authors:
A. Soula Lambropoulos, et al. |
|
|
In 1992, Baltimore Mayor Kurt L. Schmoke created the Rodent
Control Committee to combat the increasing Norway rat population in
Baltimore City. Following a pilot project, programs were conducted in
two sections of the city from which high numbers of rat complaints had
been reported. These three-month programs attached the rodent problem
via an integrated pest management approach that emphasized public
education by trained community leaders and health department workers,
increased community clean
|
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|
|
151. |
0% - |
Measuring Integrated Pest Management Programs for Public Buildings
|
Authors:
Albert Greene and Nancy L. Breisch |
|
|
Integrated pest management (IPM) tends to be perceived by
different stakeholder groups either as a methodology for effective pest
control or as an ideology of responsible environmental stewardship. The
IPM process has never been subjected to a rigorous empirical test as a
control methodology in buildings; published studies have either tested
isolated program components or have presented uncontrolled, sequential
descriptions of IPM replacing traditional pest control service
procedures. Because i
|
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|
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152. |
0% - |
Safer Ways to Banish Bugs A Consumer Guide to Pest Control
|
Authors:
Consumer Reports |
|
|
Over the past decade, the home pest-control business, spurred by
growing awareness of encironmental and health hazards, has begun phasing
out the indiscriminate pesticides once used routinely to kill roaches,
termites, mice, and their ilk. The new approach, usually called
integrated pest management, or IPM, employs carefully chosen, less-toxic
methods to repel or eliminate pests. "People are using a lot less
chemicals and a lot more baits, and only doing pest management if it's
needed," says Dan
|
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153. |
0% - |
Laboratory and Field Performance of an Imidacloprid Gel Bait Against
German Cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) |
Authors:
A. G. Appel and M. J. Tanley |
|
|
ABSTRACT An experimental 2.15% imidacloprid gel bait containing
?44% water was evaluated in laboratory and field studies against the
German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.). In continuous exposure
tests, toxicity and presumably bait consumption varied with cockroach
stage, deprivation of competitive food, and temperature. The LT50 values
for cockroaches provided with competitive food ranged from ?0.9 h for
adult females to 190 h for small nymphs. The LT50s for cockroaches not
provided competi
|
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160. |
0% - |
A longitudal investigation of selected pesticide metabolites in urine
|
Authors:
David L Macintosh, Larry L. Needham, Karen A.
Hammerstrom, and P. Barry Ryan |
|
|
As part of a longitudinal investigation of environmental
exposures to selected chemical contaminants, concentrations of pesticide
metabolites 1-naphthol (INAP), 3, 5, 6-trichloro-2pyridinol (TCPY),
malathion dicarboxylic acid (MDA), and atrazine mercapturate (AM) were
measured in repeated samples obtained from 80 individuals in Maryland
during 1995-1996. Up to six urine samples were collected from each
individual at intervals of approximately 8 weeks over a 1-year period
(i.e., one sample per pa
|
|
|
|
171. |
0% - |
House dust levels of selected insecticides and a herbicide measured by
the EL and LWW samplers and comparisons to hand rinses and urine
metabilites |
Authors:
P. J. Lioy, et al. |
|
|
During the Minnesota Children's Pesticide Exposure Study
(MNCPES), comparisons were made between the insecticide/herbicide
loadings obtained with two household dust/insecticide or herbicide
samplers: the Edwards and Lioy (EL) press sampler (used for dust
collection from carpets or other surfaces) and the Lioy, Wainman and
Weisel (LWW) surface wipe sampler. The results were compared with hand
rinse levels, and urine metabolite levels obtained from 102 children
(ages 3-13). All measurements were m
|
|
|
|
172. |
0% - |
Pesticide storage and use patterns in Minnesota households with children
|
Authors:
John L. Adgate, et al. |
|
|
As part of the National Human Exposure Assessment (NHEXAS),
residential pesticide storage and use patterns were evaluated in a
population-based sample of Minnesota households with children ages 3-13.
In-home interviews and inventories were conducted to identify pesticide
products stored and used in and around 308 households. This
statisfically based sample represents more than 49,000 urban and rural
households in the census tracts sampled. More than 850 unique products
were identified using Envi
|
|
|
|
173. |
0% - |
Aggregate exposures of nine preschool children to persistent organic
pollutants at day care and at home |
Authors:
Nancy K. Wilson, Jane C. Chuang, Christopher
Lyu , Ronald Menton, and Marsha K. Morgan |
|
|
In the summer of 1997, we measured the aggregate exposures of
nine preschool children, aged 2–5 years, to a suite of organic
pesticides and other persistent organic pollutants that are commonly
found in the home and school environment. The children attended either
of two child day care centers in the Raleigh–Durham–Chapel Hill area of
North Carolina and were in day care at least 25 h/week. Over a 48-h
period, we sampled indoor and outdoor air, play area soil and floor
dust, as well as duplicate
|
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|
|
175. |
0% - |
Biomonitoring and whole body cotton dosimetry to estimate potential
human dermal exposure to semivolatile chemicals |
Authors:
Robert I. Krieger |
|
|
Current methods of estimating absorbed dosage (AD) of chemicals
were evaluated to determine residue transfer from a carpet treated with
chlorpyrifos (CP) to humans who performed a structured exercise routine.
To determine the dislodgeability of residue, a California Department of
Food and Agriculture (CDFA) roller was applied to a flat cotton cloth
upon a treated carpet. Levels ranged from 0.06 to 0.99 µg CP/cm2. Cotton
whole body disimeters (WBD) were also used to assess residue transer.
The do
|
|
|
|
176. |
0% - |
Comparison of pesticide levels in carpet dust and self reported pest
treatment practices in four US sites |
Authors:
Joanne S. Colt |
|
|
Epidemiologic studies have used both questionnaires and carpet
dust sampling to assess residential exposure to pesticides. The
consistency of the information provided by these two approaches has not
been explored. In a population-based case–control study of non-Hodgkin’s
lymphoma, carpet dust samples were collected from the homes of 513
control subjects in Detroit, Iowa, Los Angeles, and Seattle. The samples
were taken from used vacuum cleaner bags and analyzed for 30 pesticides.
Interviewers
|
|
|
|
177. |
0% - |
Residential environmental measurements in the National Human Exposure
Assessment Survey (NHEXAS) pilot study in Arizona: preliminary results
for pesticides and VOCs |
Authors:
Sydney M. Gordon, et al. |
|
|
A major objective of the National Human Exposure Assessment
Survey (NHEXAS) performed in Arizona was to conduct residential
environmental and biomarker measurements of selected pesticides
(chlorpyrifos, diazinon), volatile organic compounds (VOCs; benzene,
toluene, trichloroethene, formaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene), and metals for
total humane exposure assessments. Both personal (e.g., blood, urine,
dermal wipes, 24 h duplicate diet) and microenvironmental (e.g. indoor
and outdoor air, house dust, fo
|
|
|
|
178. |
0% - |
Effect of environmental interventions to reduce exposure to asthma
triggers in homes of low-income children in Seattle |
Authors:
Tim K. Takaro, James W. Krieger,and Lin Song |
|
|
The effectiveness of community health workers (CHWs) assisting
families in reducing exposure to indoor asthma triggers has not been
studied. In all, 274 low-income asthmatic children were randomly
assigned to high- or low-intensity groups. CHWs visited all homes to
assess exposures, develop action plans and provide bedding encasements.
The higher-intensity group also received cleaning equipment and five to
nine visits over a year focusing on asthma trigger reduction. The asthma
trigger composite
|
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|
|
179. |
0% - |
A Modeling Framework for Estimating Children’s Residential Exposure and
Dose to Chlorpyrifos Via Dermal Residue Contact and Nondietary Ingestion
|
Authors:
Valerie G. Zartarian, et al. |
|
|
To help address the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996, a
physically based probabilistic model has been developed to quantify and
analyze dermal and nondietary ingestion exposure and dose to pesticides.
The Residential Stochastic Human Exposure and Dose Simulation Model for
Pesticides (Residential-SHEDS) simulates the exposures and doses of
children contacting residues on surfaces in treated residences and on
turf in treated residential yards. The simulations combine sequential
time–location–a
|
|
|
|
181. |
0% - |
Deteriorated Housing Contributes to High Cockroach Allergen Levels in
Inner-City Households |
Authors:
Virginia A. Rauh, Ginger L. Chew, and Robin
S. Garfinkel |
|
|
The high prevalence of childhood asthma in low-income, inner-city
populations is not fully understood but has been at least partly
attributed to the disproportionate exposures associated with
socioeconomic disadvantage. The contribution of indoor allergens to
asthma is well documented, but links between socioeconomic disadvantage
and indoor allergen levels are not clear. We investigated levels of
cockroach allergens (Bla g 2) in a sample of 132 Dominican or African
American low-income households
|
|
|
|
182. |
0% - |
An Anthropological Approach to the Evaluation of Preschool Children
Exposed to Pesticides in Mexico |
Authors:
Elizabeth A. Guillette, María Mercedes Meza,
Maria Guadalupe Aquilar, Alma Delia Soto, and Idalia Enedina Garcia |
|
|
In this comparative study, we compensated for many of the known
variables that influence children's growth and development by selecting
two groups of 4-5-year-old Yaqui children who reside in the Yaqui Valley
of northwestern Mexico. These children share similar genetic
backgrounds, diets, water mineral contents, cultural patterns, and
social behaviors. The major difference was their exposure to pesticides.
Pesticides have been applied to the agricultural area of the valley
since the late 1940s
|
|
|
|
183. |
0% - |
Chemicals in the Environment and Developmental Toxicity to Children: A
Public Health: A Public Health and Policy Perspective |
Authors:
Lynn R. Goldman and Sudha Koduru |
|
|
There are numerous pesticides and toxic chemicals in the
environment that have yet to be evaluated for potential to cause
developmental neurotoxicity. Recent legislation and testing initiatives
provide an impetus to generating more information about potential
hazards to children. In the United States, the 1996 Food Quality
Protection Act (FQPA) required the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(U.S. EPA) to make a finding that a pesticide food use is safe for
children. In addition, the law requ
|
|
|
|
184. |
0% - |
Exposures of Children to Organophosphate Pesticides and Their Potential
Adverse Health Effects |
Authors:
Brenda Eskenazi, Asa Bradman, and Rosemary
Castorina |
|
|
Recent studies show that young children can be exposed to
pesticides during normal oral exploration of their environment and their
level of dermal contact with floors and other surfaces. Children living
in agricultural areas may be exposed to higher pesticide levels than
other children because of pesticides tracked into their homes by
household members, by pesticide drift, by breast milk from their
farmworker mother, or by playing in nearby fields. Nevertheless, few
studies have assessed the ex
|
|
|
|
188. |
0% - |
Characterizing Exposures to Nonpersistent Pesticides during Pregnancy
and Early Childhood in the National Children’s Study: A Review of
Monitoring and Measurement Methodologies |
Authors:
Asa Bradman and Robin M. Whyatt |
|
|
The National Children’s Study is a proposed longitudinal cohort
study to evaluate the relationships between children’s health and the
environment. Enrollment is estimated to begin in September 2005, and
100,000 children will be followed from preconception or early pregnancy
until adulthood. Among multiple health outcomes, the study is proposing
to investigate whether pre- and/or postnatal exposures to nonpersistent
pesticides increase the risk of poor performance on neurobehavioral and
cognitive
|
|
|
|
189. |
0% - |
Exposure to Indoor Pesticides during Pregnancy in a Multiethnic, Urban
Cohort |
Authors:
Gertrud S. Berkowitz |
|
|
Evidence is growing that indoor pesticide exposure is of
considerable magnitude in the United States and that pesticide
concentrations may be especially high in urban areas. Of particular
concern is exposure of pregnant women because animal data suggest that
exposure to pesticides during pregnancy and early life may impair
neurodevelopment in the offspring. To investigate the relationship
between prenatal exposure to indoor pesticides and infant growth and
development, we are conducting a prospe
|
|
|
|
190. |
0% - |
Prenatal Insecticide Exposures and Birth Weight and Length among an
Urban Minority Cohort |
Authors:
Robin M. Whyatt, et al. |
|
|
We reported previously that insecticide exposures were widespread
among minority women in New York City during pregnancy and that levels
of the organophosphate chlorpyrifos in umbilical cord plasma were
inversely associated with birth weight and length. Here we expand
analyses to include additional insecticides (the organophosphate
diazinon and the carbamate propoxur), a larger sample size (n = 314
mother–newborn pairs), and insecticide measurements in maternal personal
air during pregnancy as
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191. |
0% - |
Contemporary-Use Pesticides in Personal Air Samples during Pregnancy and
Blood Samples at Delivery among Urban Minority Mothers and Newborns
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Authors:
Robin M. Whyatt, et al. |
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We have measured 29 pesticides in plasma samples collected at
birth between 1998 and 2001 from 230 mother and newborn pairs enrolled
in the Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health prospective
cohort study. Our prior research has shown widespread pesticide use
during pregnancy among this urban minority cohort from New York City. We
also measured eight pesticides in 48-hr personal air samples collected
from the mothers during pregnancy. The following seven pesticides were
detected in 4
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192. |
0% - |
Residential Pesticide Use during Pregnancy among a Cohort of Urban
Minority Women |
Authors:
Robin M. Whyatt, et al. |
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Residential pesticide use is widespread in the United States.
However, data are limited specific to use among minority populations.
Nor are data available on the extent of pesticide exposure resulting
from residential use during pregnancy. We have gathered questionnaire
data on pesticide use in the home during pregnancy from 316
African-American and Dominican women residing in northern Manhattan and
the South Bronx. Additionally, 72 women underwent personal air
monitoring for 48 hr during their
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194. |
0% - |
Pesticides in Household Dust and Soil: Exposure Pathways for Children of
Agricultura Familiesl |
Authors:
Nancy J. Simcox, Richard A. Fenske, Sarah A.
Wolz, I-Chwen Lee, and David A. Kalman |
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Children of agricultural families are likely to be exposed to
agricultural chemicals, even if they are not involved in farm
activities. This study was designed to determine whether such children
are exposed to higher levels of pesticides than children whose parents
are not involved in agriculture and whose homes are not close to farms.
Household dust and soil samples were collected in children's play areas
from 59 residences in eastern Washington State (26 farming, 22
farmworker, and 11 nonfar
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195. |
0% - |
Predicting Children’s Short-Term Exposure to Pesticides: Results of a
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Authors:
Ken Sexton, et al. |
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The ability of questionnaires to predict children’s exposure to
pesticides was examined as part of the Minnesota Children’s Pesticide
Exposure Study (MNCPES). The MNCPES focused on a probability sample of
102 children between the ages of 3 and 13 years living in either urban
(Minneapolis and St. Paul, MN) or nonurban (Rice and Goodhue Counties in
Minnesota) households. Samples were collected in a variety of relevant
media (air, food, beverages, tap water, house dust, soil, urine), and
chemical a
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196. |
0% - |
Predicting Children’s Short-Term Exposure to Pesticides: Results of a
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Authors:
Ken Sexton, et al. |
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The ability of questionnaires to predict children’s exposure to
pesticides was examined as part of the Minnesota Children’s Pesticide
Exposure Study (MNCPES). The MNCPES focused on a probability sample of
102 children between the ages of 3 and 13 years living in either urban
(Minneapolis and St. Paul, MN) or nonurban (Rice and Goodhue Counties in
Minnesota) households. Samples were collected in a variety of relevant
media (air, food, beverages, tap water, house dust, soil, urine), and
chemical a
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197. |
0% - |
Predicting Children’s Short-Term Exposure to Pesticides: Results of a
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Authors:
Ken Sexton, et al. |
|
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The ability of questionnaires to predict children’s exposure to
pesticides was examined as part of the Minnesota Children’s Pesticide
Exposure Study (MNCPES). The MNCPES focused on a probability sample of
102 children between the ages of 3 and 13 years living in either urban
(Minneapolis and St. Paul, MN) or nonurban (Rice and Goodhue Counties in
Minnesota) households. Samples were collected in a variety of relevant
media (air, food, beverages, tap water, house dust, soil, urine), and
chemical a
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198. |
0% - |
Measurement of Children’s Exposure to Pesticides: Analysis of Urinary
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Authors:
John L. Adgate, et al. |
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The Minnesota Children’s Pesticide Exposure Study is a
probability-based sample of 102 children 3–13 years old who were
monitored for commonly used pesticides. During the summer of 1997,
first-morning-void urine samples (1–3 per child) were obtained for 88%
of study children and analyzed for metabolites of insecticides and
herbicides: carbamates and related compounds (1-NAP), atrazine (AM),
malathion (MDA), and chlorpyrifos and related compounds (TCPy). TCPy was
present in 93% of the samples, wh
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212. |
0% - |
Effects of Transplacental Exposure to Environmental Pollutants on Birth
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Authors:
Frederica P. Perera, et al. |
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Inner-city, minority populations are high-risk groups for adverse
birth outcomes and also are more likely to be exposed to environmental
contaminants, including environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and pesticides. In a sample of 263
nonsmoking African-American and Dominican women, we evaluated the
effects on birth outcomes of prenatal exposure to airborne PAHs
monitored during pregnancy by personal air sampling, along with ETS
estimated by plasma cotinine,
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213. |
0% - |
Socioeconomic Predictors of High Allergen Levels in Homes in the Greater
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Authors:
Barrett T. Kitch, et al. |
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In the United States, childhood asthma morbidity and prevalence
rates are the highest in less affluent urban minority communities. More
than 80% of childhood asthmatics are allergic to one or more inhalant
allergens. We evaluated whether socioeconomic status was associated with
a differential in the levels and types of indoor home allergens. Dust
samples for an ELISA allergen assay were collected from the homes of 499
families as part of a metropolitan Boston, Massachusetts, longitudinal
birth
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215. |
0% - |
Distribution and Determinants of Mouse Allergen Exposure in Low-Income
New York City Apartments |
Authors:
Ginger L. Chew, at al. |
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Previous studies of mouse allergens and
laboratory-animal-worker–related allergy and asthma suggest that
quantifying mouse allergen levels in homes could augment our
understanding of innercity asthma. We hypothesized that levels of mouse
allergen in inner-city homes would be related to certain household
characteristics. Dust samples were collected from the kitchens and beds
of 221 mothers enrolled in a prospective birth cohort study, 92 of
African American and 129 of Dominican ethnicity. Samples
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216. |
0% - |
Integrated Pest Management in an Urban Community: A Successful
Partnership for Prevention |
Authors:
Barbara L. Brenner, et al. |
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Pesticides, applied in large quantities in urban communities to
control cockroaches, pose potential threats to health, especially to
children, who have proportionately greater exposures and unique,
developmentally determined vulnerabilities. Integrated pest management
(IPM) relies on nonchemical tools—cleaning of food residues, removal of
potential nutrients, and sealing cracks and crevices. Least toxic
pesticides are used sparingly. To evaluate IPM’s effectiveness, the
Mount Sinai Children’s En
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231. |
0% - |
Pesticides |
Authors:
Bernard Weiss, Sherlita Amler and Robert W.
Amler |
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Pesticides are a broad group of heterogeneous chemicals that have
a significant public health benefit by increasing food production
productivity and decreasing food-borne and vector-borne diseases.
However, depending on the agent and the exposure, they may pose health
risks. Because of their behavior, acute accidental toxic exposures occur
more commonly in children. Because of the dietary habits and greater
intake of foods per kilogram in children and because some infants are
breastfed, there i
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248. |
0% - |
Safe Pest Control Factsheet |
Authors:
U.S.
Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of Healthy Homes and
Lead Hazard Control |
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Did you know...? Many pesticides for home use are toxic? There
are alternative pest management methods that limit the use of toxic
substances? Mice, cockroaches, and cockroach "dust” can trigger asthma
attack? What is it? Integrated pest management (IPM) is a way to remove
pests, like cockroaches, ice, and rats from a home. IPM is a common
sense approach that: Denies pests food, water, shelter and a way to
enter the home. Uses baits and powders, such as gel baits, traps and
borate powder. W
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258. |
0% - |
Association of Housing Disrepair Indicators with Cockroach and Rodent
Infestations in a Cohort of Pregnant Latina Women and Their Children
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Authors:
Asa Bradman, Jonathan Chevrier, Ira Tager, et
al. |
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Health burdens associated with poor housing and indoor pest
infestations are likely to affect young children in particular, who
spend most of their time indoors at home. We completed environmental
assessments in 644 homes of pregnant Latina women and their children
living in the Salinas Valley, California. High residential densities
were common, with 39% of homes housing > 1.5 persons per room. Housing
disrepair was also common: 58% of homes had peeling paint, 43% had mold,
25% had water damage
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264. |
0% - |
National Prevalence and Exposure Risk for Cockroach Allergens in U.S.
Households |
Authors:
Richard D. Cohen, Samuel J. Arbes, Jr., Renee
Jamamillo, Laura H. Reid, and Darryl C. Zeldin |
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Objective - We characterized the prevalence of cockroach allergen
exposure in a nationally representative sample of U.S. homes and
assessed risk factors for elevated concentrations. Design - We used data
from the National Survey of Lead and Allergens in Housing, a
population-based,cross-sectional survey. Participants - Residents of 831
U.S. homes participated in the survey. Evaluations/Measurements- We
analyzed allergen, questionnaire, and observational data of 831 U.S.
homes. Results - Cock
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295. |
0% - |
Socioeconomic Predictors of High Allergen Levels in Homes in the Greater
Boston Area |
Authors:
Barrett T. Kitch, Ginger Chew, Harriet A.
Burge, Michael L. Muilenberg, Scott T. Weiss, Thomas A.E. Platts-Mills,
George O’Connor, and Diane R. Gold |
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|
In the United States, childhood asthma morbidity and prevalence
rates are the highest in less affluent urban minority communities. More
than 80% of childhood asthmatics are allergic to one or more inhalant
allergens. We evaluated whether socioeconomic status was associated with
a differential in the levels and types of indoor home allergens. Dust
samples for an ELISA allergen assay were collected from the homes of 499
families as part of a metropolitan Boston, Massachusetts, longitudinal
birth
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304. |
0% - |
Protecting Your Home From Subterranean Termite Damage |
Authors:
Caroline Cox |
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Termites are unique insects. Unlike most other insects, they live
in large colonies and feed on wood. This ability to consume wood makes
them “among the most important structural insect pests in the
Northwest.” There’s no question that the thought of thousands of hungry
insects consuming the structure of your house is frightening.
Fortunately, you can take pesticide-free steps to make sure that your
house is not damaged by termites.
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328. |
0% - |
Ecology and elimination of cockroachesand allergens in the home
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Authors:
Peyton A.Eggleston, and Luisa Karla Arruda |
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Cockroach infestations have been indicated as a major contributor
to asthma throughout the world. Several studies have shown that large
numbers of asthmatic patients are sensitized to cockroach allergens.
Eliminating this pest from homes,schools,and public buildings involves a
long-term commitment to a rational extermination process. This article
covers the characteristics of the major cockroach species that invade
homes, assesses the role of environmental exposure to cockroaches in
asthma, and
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329. |
0% - |
Dust Mite, Cockroach, Cat, and Dog Allergen Concentrations in Homes of
Asthmatic Children in the Northeastern United States: Impact of
Socioeconomic Factors and Population Density |
Authors:
Brian Leaderer, Kathleen Belange, Elizabeth
Triche, Theodore Holford, Diane Gold, Young Kim, Thomas Jankun, Ping
Ren, Jean-ellen McSharry, Thomas Platts-Mills, Martin Chapman, Michael
Bracken |
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Home exposures to aeroallergens are an important environmental
factor in allergic sensitization and in the development and exacerbation
of asthma. We assessed variations in home concentrations of dust mite,
cockroach, cat, and dog allergens in dust collected in the main living
areas of asthmatics’ homes by family income, mother’s education,
dwelling type, population density, household population density, and
ethnicity in Connecticut and south-central Massachusetts. Dust samples
were collected at
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331. |
0% - |
Dermal Transfer Efficiency of Pesticides from New, Vinyl Sheet Flooring
to Dry and Wetted Palms |
Authors:
Jackie M. Clothier |
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This report presents results of a study to determine the transfer
efficiencies from sheet vinyl flooring to human skin of three pesticides
commonly used for residential indoor insect control. Formulations of the
insecticides chlorpyrifos, pyrethrin I and piperonyl butoxide were
applied to new, sheet vinyl flooring by broadcast spray and allowed to
dry for four hours. Deposition coupons were used to estimate initial
surface loadings and the PUF Roller was to measure dislodgeable
residues. After t
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332. |
0% - |
Critical Windows of Exposure to Household Pesticides and Risk of
Childhood Leukemia |
Authors:
Xiaomei Ma, Patricia A. Buffler, Robert B.
Gunier, Gary Dahl, Martyn T. Smith, Kyndaron Reinier, and Peggy Reynolds |
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The potential etiologic role of household pesticide exposures was
examined in the Northern California Childhood Leukemia Study. A total of
162 patients (0–14 years old) with newly diagnosed leukemia were rapidly
ascertained during 1995–1999, and 162 matched control subjects were
randomly selected from the birth registry. The use of professional pest
control services at anytime from 1 year before birth to 3 years after
was associated with a significantly increased risk ofchildhood leukemia
[odds
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